Manufacture of headed blanks



April-5, 1938. R. J. CORDES 2,113,172

MANUFACTURE OF HEADED BLANKS Filed April 29, 1956 9/ I 68 1N VENT OR. HQ /.5' B ROBERT J (a/Ewes ATTORNEYS.

r 10 truding operations.

Patented Apr. 5, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT bl-FICE MANUFACTURE or mm nmimts Robert J. Cordes, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to The Lamson & S

essions Company, Cleveland,

Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application April 29, 1936, Serial No. 77,005

4'Claims. (CI. 10-27) reducea portion of a length of stock to a stem or shank of a diameter suitable for the formation of threads thereon as by 'a rollingoperation. The extruding leaves the length of stock with an 15 unreduced portion which contains suiilcient metal that when upset it forms a head of a size in proper proportion to the stem diameter.

My invention contemplates the provision of a novel method and means for the production of headed blanks, and the like, by a single extruding operation.

Another object of my invention is to provide a novel method ofmaking headed blanks, or the like, wherein a portion of a length of stock is reduced by a single extruding operation to a stem.

of threading diameter which is connected with the unreduced portion by a shoulder; and then subjecting the unreduced portion to an upsetting operation in which the stress of the upsetting 30 force istaken againstsuch shoulder.

A further objector my invention is to provide a novel method 01' producing headed blanks, or the like, wherein 'a portion of a length of stock .is reduced by a single extruding operation to thereby form a stem portion of threading .diameter which is connected with the unreduced portion 'by a shoulder, and then inserting the stem portion into a die recess which is only a tolerance larger than the threading diameter and 4 subjecting the unreduced portion to an upsetting operation in which the stress of the upsetting force is taken against said shoulder.

Another object of this invention is to provide a novel method for the production of beaded 45 blanks, or the like, wherein a portion of a length of stock is subjected to a single extruding opera tion to form a stem portion of threading diameter,

and then upsetting the unreduced portion to vide a novel method for the production of headed blanks, or the like, wherein a portion of a length of stock is reduced to threading size by a 55 single extruding operation, and wherein the re- Such extruding operations duced portion of the blank thus formed is pointed and the unreduced portion is upset in a single operation.

My invention also contemplates the provision v of a headed blank of improved quality having a 5 stem portion of threading diameter produced by a single extruding operation and an upset head portion and also having a shoulder section at the Junction of the head and stem portions. 1

Other objects and advantages of the invention I will be apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanyizig sheet of drawings wherein,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a length of round stock to be used in carrying .out my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through an extruding die used in carrying out my method. I

Fig. 3-is a side elevation showing the partially formed blank as delivered iron the extruding dieoiFig.2.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through an upsetting die used in carrying out my method.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the blank as delivered from the upsetting die of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation showing the blank completed and ready for threading. l Fig. '7 is a side elevation showing another lengt of round stock to be used in producing another formed blank as delivered from the extruding die of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section taken through anotherupsetting die. Fig. 11 is a side elevation showing the completed blank as delivered from the upsetting die 01 Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a sideelevation showing. another length of round stock for use in forming another headed blank by my method.

Fig.- 13 is a longitudinal sectional view through another extruding die. I g I 1 "Fig. 14 is a side elevation showing the partially formed blank as delivered from the extruding die of Fig. 1-3.

Fig. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view taken 5 through another upsetting die, and

Fig. 16 is a side elevation showing a completed blank delivered'from the upsetting die of Fig. 15 and ready for threading.

In the accompanying drawing to which more be adapted to the production of various other forms of headed blanks and articles.

In Fig. l of the drawing I have shown a length of round stock 20, which may be used in carrying out my novel method and which contains 'approximately the correct amount of metal for forming the headed blank 2| of Fig. 6. The length of stock may be obtainedfrom any available source, such as by cutting from the end'of a suitable bar or rod of stock of a diameter greater than the diameter of the stem-portion 22-oi the completed blank 2|.

' In Fig. 2 of the drawing I show an extruding die 23 by which a portion of the length of stock 20 is extruded and thereby reduced. This die is formed with a cylindrical recess 24 therein having a diameter equal to the diameter desired for the stern portion 22 of the finished blank. When the blank is to be threaded by'rolling threads on the stem portion thereof, it is desirable to have the diameter of the die recess substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the thread to be formed on the stem portion. 'One' end of the die recess 24 may be closed by a movable knock-out pin 25. The other end of the die recess communi-' cates with a guide opening or shoulder 26, which receives and guides oneend of the length of stock 20. The guide shoulder 26 and the die recess 24 are connected by an annular tapered section or throat 21 through which the extruding of the stock takes place.

The extruding operation is carried out by forcing one endof the stock 20, through the taperedthroat 21 and into the die recess 24. This may be done in any suitable apparatus, such as a cold header wherein movement of the hammer towards the die 23 is used to force the stock 23 into the die recess.

After the extruding operation has been per.-

'formed on the stock 23, as just explained, the

knock-out pin 25 ejects the blank from the die recess 24. In Fig. 3 I show a blank 29 of the form elected from the extruding die 23. This blank has a reduced or extruded stem portion 22 which is of proper diameter for the threading opera-' tion to be performed on the finished blank 2|. The blank "also has an unreduced or head portion 30 which is connected with the reduced stem portion 23 by an annular tapered'shoulder 3|, corresponding in shape with the shape of the tapered throat 21. of the extruding die.

In Fig. 4 I show an upsetting die 33 to which the partially formed blank 23 is supplied. This die has a recess 34 which is open at its outer end and at its inner end is closed by one end of a knock-out pin 33. The die recess 34 is only a tolerance larger in diameter than the stem portion 22 of the finished blank; such that the stem portion of the blank 23 of Fig. 3 can be Just freely inserted into the recess. The outer end of the recess 34 communicates with-3a shallow circular recess or countersink 33 of larger diameter. The depth and diameter of the countersink 33 corresponds, respectively, with the length and diameter of a shoulder section. 31 to be formed on the finished blank at the junction of the stem portion 22 with the headportion 33. The outer end nular fillet 33 of small radius at the point of connection of the die recess with the countersink 36.

In the upsetting operation, which is carried out with the die 33 and a suitable hammer cooperating therewith, the stem portion 22 of the blank 29 is inserted into the die recess 34 and the unreduced portion 30 is subjected to an upsetting blow by the hammer. The blow of the hammer causes the unreduced portion 30 to be upset into.

a head such as the round head 40 of the blank 4|. During this upsetting operation the tapered shoulder 3| of the blank 29 engagesthe portion of the die surrounding-the outer end of the recess 34 and the stress or force of the upsetting blow-of the hammer, or at least a substantial part thereof, is taken by the tapered shoulder 3|. This causes the metal of the blank at and adjacent the tapered shoulder 3| to be pushed back as the stem portion rnoves on into the recess34 and to be expanded into the countersink 36, thereby forming the shoulder section or washer face 31 on the blank 4|. The stress or force of the upsetting operation may be taken in part by the inner end of the stem portion 22 engag ing the knock-out pin 33.

When the stress or force of the upsetting operation is thus taken either by the tapered shoulde'r 3|, or by this shoulder and the knock-out pin 35 together, I find that the upsetting operation can be carried outwith a single blow of the hammer and substantially without change or upsetting of the stem portion 22. By thus upsetting the unreduced portion of the stock substantially without any upsetting of the previously extruded stem portion 22 I find'that the blank 4| can be ejected from the die recess 34 with comparatively little work or effort being required of the knockout pin. and without the destructive frictional v or abrading action which would necessarily occur if the stem portion had been upset or .expanded in the die recess. This is extremely important in the commercial production of headed blanks because it greatly increases the useful of the fupsetting' die.

By a suitable trimming operation the round head 40 of the blank 4| may be given a desired polygonal shape such as that of the head 33 of completed blank 2|. 1

' In Fig. 7 of' the drawing I have shown a length of round stock 45 providing approximately the correct amount of*metal for forming a headed blank 46. This blank may, as shown in Fig. 11, haveastemorshank portion 41 upon which threads are to be formed by rolling and a round head portion 43. The stem and head portions may be connected by shoulder sections 49 and 33, the

stock'45 is forced into the recess 32 of the extruding die 33 through the guide opening 34 and the tapered throat II. The extruding operation thus performed reduces a portion .of the stock 43 ejected from the die 33 by the knock-out pin 31 has a reduced; stem portion 41 of properdi- .sothatthe partially formed blank 33 which is ameter for threading. This reduced stem portion is connected with the unreduced portion 58 of the blank by an annular tapered shoulder 58.

The stem portion 41 of the blank 58 is then Q inserted into the recess 88 of the. upsetting die 6|. The diameter of this recess is only a tolerance larger than the diameter of the stem portion 41 so as to just freely receive the latter. The

- inner end of the .die recess 88 is closed by the end of a knock-out pin 82 and may be provided with a tapered annular pointing section 88. The outer end of the die recess is provided with a plurality of circular recesses or countersinks of different diameters and depths 84,- 85 and 88. The

countersink 54 forms the shoulder section 58 on the blank 48,'and the countersink 85 forms the shoulder section 48. The. countersink 88 coop- -In addition to upsetting the unreduced portion 58, the blow of the hammer causes the tapered shoulder 58 to be pushed back and expanded in the countersinks 84 to form the shoulder section 58 and also causes the inner end of the stem por tion to conform to the shape of the pointing section 83 of the die recess. Since the force or stress of the upsetting operation is thus taken in pointing the inner end of the stem portion and in forming the. shoulder sections 48 and 58, the stem portion itself is notupset and the blank 48 can be ejected from the die-8| without destructive frictional or abrading action thereon.

In Figs. 13 and 15 I have shownother extruding and upsetting dies I8 and II which may be used in carryingout the extruding and upsetting steps of my novel method. In Fig. 12 I show a length of stock 12 from which the partially formed and completed blanks l8 and I4 Iare iormed;

In carrying out my method to produce the blank 14, the stock 12 is forced into the recess 15 of the extruding die through the cylindrical guide section 18 and the tapered throat section II. In

forcing the stock into the die a portion ofthe length of stock is extruded into therecess I5 and thereby reduced and formed into a stem portion 18 of proper diameter for threading. The stem portion 18 is connected with the unreduced portion 18 of the blank I8 by a tapered shoulder section 88. In this extruding operation the stock 12 is forced into the extruding die 18 by a suitable hammer 8| having a recess 82 in which. one end of the stock is received. If the length of stock 12 is cut longer than necessary the excess material may cause more or less bulging between the hammer 8| and the outer end of the die 10 as has been indicated at 88.

The stem portion 1a of the blank 13 isinserted into the recess 85 of the upsetting die II, this with circular shoulder sections or countersinks 81 and 88 which form shoulder sections 88 and 88 on the finished blank.

During" this upsetting operation the force or The stress of the blow is taken by the tapered shoulder 88 engaging the outer end of the die recess 85- and, in some instances, in part by engagement of the stem portion 18 with the knock-out pin 8| In taking the thrust of the upsetting operation the inner end of the stem portion I8 may be slightly upset against the knockout pin 8|, as

indicated by the short' section 82, but such upsetting is limitedin amountto the diameter of the die recess 85. Also, the tapered section." in

taking the upsetting thrust is acted upon by the outer end of the die recess and substantially all of the metal of the tapered section is pushed back or displaced axially into the shoulder section 88. This displacement or pushing back of the metalof the tapered'section 8|! may leave 'a'short section- 88 of slightly larger diameter on the stem portion .18. The sections 82 and 93- are not objectionable on the finished blank because their diameters exceed the diameter of the other portions of the stem recess 85 which may be only one or two thousandths of an inch.

A feature of my novel method, as explained above, resides in the fact that a portion of the length of stock is reduced to a stem portion of threading diameter by a single extruding operation. This is of importance because when a, I

plurality or succession of extruding operations is employed each additional extrusion requires added handling of the blanks, increases the number of operations to be performed and the number of dies to be provided and maintained. Further- -more', the successive extrusions may result in operation shoulders or other objectionable irregularities in-the finished blanks. I attribute the ability of my novel extruding die to so reduce the stock to threading diameter in one operation, to

the fact that the die is provided with a relatively the extruding dies Hand 58 the guide sections have a length substantially equal'to one-half of the diameter of the stock to be extruded. In the case of the extruding die 18 the guide section I8 has a length equal to substantially one and one-' fourth times the diameter of the stock 12. These specific lengths are mentioned here merely as examples, it being understood that the length for the guide section may be variedto suit the size and other. characteristics of the stock being worked.

Although I have shown a hammer only in connection with the blank 18 of Figure 14, it will be understood, of course, that a suitable hammer cooperates with each of the extruding and upsetting diesherein illustrated and described.

1 In the specification and claims I have used the expression tolerance. in defining the size of the recess of the upsetting'die inirelation to the size of the recess of the extrusion die, and by this expressionI mean a dimensional variaton between the die recesses on the order of'hundredths or thousandths of an inch but the exact value of which may be dependent upon various factors such as the diameter and other characteristics of the stock being worked.

From the foregoing description-and the accompanying drawing it will now be readily seen that I have provided a novel method and for the production of headed blanks by which a portion of a length of" stock is reduced to threading diameter by a single operation. It 15 20 '12 only by the amount of the tolerance of the die will be seen furthermore that my novel method and means provides for the upsetting oi the unreduced portion of the stock substantially without change in the diameter of the reduced stem portion of the blank. My novel method and meansfor forming headed blanks not only make possible the more economical production of. such v-.blanks, but provide for the production of blanks which are straighter and in other respects superior in quality to blanks manufactured by processes in use heretofore.

While I have illustrated and described the method and means of my invention in a somewhat detailed manner, it will be understood, of course, that I do not wish to be limited to the precise details and steps of procedure herein disclosed but regard my invention as including such changes and modifications as do not constitute a departure from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Having'thus described my' invention I claim:

1. The method of making headed blanks for bolts or the like which comprises reducing a portion of a length of stock by a single extrusion and thereby forming a blank having a stem portion of a diameter substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the thread to beformed thereon, a head portion and a tapered section connecting the stem and head portions, and then upsetting said head portion to form a head and in the same operationforming said tapered section into a shoul der. 1,

stem portion 01' a diameter substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the thread to be formed thereon, a head portion and a tapered section 3. The method of making headed blanks for bolts or the like which comprises reducing a portion of a length of stock by a single extruding operation and thereby forming a blank having a stem portion 01 a diameter substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the thread to be formed thereon, a head portion and a tapered section connecting the stem and head portions, inserting said stem portion into a die opening of a diameter to just freely receive the stem portion, and then upsetting'said head portion by a blow the thrust of which is taken against said tapered section and in the same operation utilizing the thrust of the upsetting blow to form the tapered section into a shoulder.

4. The method of making headedblanks for bolts or the like which comprises reducing a por- 'blank, and then inserting said stem portion into a die opening only large enough to freely receive the stem portion and upsetting said unreduced .;portion and tapered section to form a shouldered head.

ROBERT J. CQRDES. 

